Papilloma is a lesion of the skin and mucous membranes caused by the human papillomavirus.
causative agents - viruses of the genus papillomavirus. Currently, there are over 60 variants of them, 32 of which are recognized as pathogen.
Methods of transmission - contact (through micro-trauma of the skin), the genitals, in the perinatal period (during childbirth).
Manifestations of Papilloma
- cutaneous papillomatosis (warts).
is most often observed on the hands, more often than not on other parts of the body. Localized lesions are common in children and adolescents. In immunocompromised patients, wart lesions can spread. The incubation period is 1-6 months. The maximum virus content was observed in infected tissues 6 months after infection. - vulgar (simple) papillomas.
The causative agent of them is human papillomavirus (HPV). This shape is manifested by solid protrusions with a rough surface of 1 mm or more in diameter, with a tendency to merge. Vulgar papillomas often cover a large area. It can appear anywhere, but it is most often found on the back of the palms and fingers in children - on the knees. A single papilloma can exist for several months or even years, practically unchanged, but the rapid spread of the process is also possible. There are isolated cases of papilloma degeneration into a tumor. Immunodeficiency states contribute to the spread of the process. - Plantar papillomas.
The causative agent is HPV-1 (deep form), HPV-2 (mosaic warts) and HPV-4 (minor lesions). The process begins with the appearance of a small, shiny bump, which acquires the characteristics of a typical papilloma, enclosed in a protruding edge. Sometimes, around one papilloma, several daughter formations appear, resembling bubbles - mosaic warts.
Plantar papillomas can be painful and make walking difficult. The duration of their existence is different. In some cases, and especially in children, any number of papillomas can disappear spontaneously. This type of disease is often confused with tissue that appears in places of pressure on the fingers or between the fingers. Corns, unlike papillomas, have a smooth surface with a dermal pattern. - Flat papillomas.
The causative agent for them is HPV-3 and HPV-10. They are represented by smooth bumps of normal skin color (light yellow or slightly tinted). It can be round or polygonal. The appearance of flat papillomas, especially in children, is usually accompanied by itching, inflammation in the affected area, redness, and pain. - filamentous papillomatosis.
is found in 50% of the population over 50 years of age most often in the armpits, in the groin, in the neck, around the eyes. The process begins with the appearance of small yellow or slightly colored cones, which then expand and transform into dense, elongated elastic formations up to 5-6 mm in size. In places of possible trauma, the papilloma can be inflamed. Their spontaneous disappearance does not happen. - localized epithelial hyperplasia (Beck's disease).
The causative agents are HPVs 13 and 32. The disease was first described in Native Americans. It is observed on the mucous membranes of the mouth, tongue and lips as compact papillary protrusions. - Genital Warts.
The causative agents of genital warts are HPVs with low neoplastic risk (6, 11), medium (31, 33, 35) and high (16, 18). Viruses are transmitted through sexual contact. The incubation period lasts from several weeks to months. In some cases, the lesions are insignificant, and they often go unnoticed. Affected cells are subject to malignant degeneration. In most cases, a long and extensive process accompanies immunodeficiency states.
is a more common diagnosis of cervical cancer in women with genital warts. In most cases, despite the age of the patients, the viral genome is revealed by DNA hybridization. The causative agent is HPV-18. - juvenile papilloma of the larynx.
etiological factors are HPV-6 and HPV-11. They are rarely registered. In most cases, papillomas are detected in children under five affected in the mother's birth canal. Characteristic increases in the vocal cords have been observed, leading to speech difficulties and impaired air circulation in the upper respiratory tract.
Papilloma Treatment
The same symptoms can be signs of different diseases, and the disease may not persist according to the textbook. Do not try to heal yourself - consult your doctor.
Currently, there is no unified international standard for treating papillomas. Official treatment guidelines to date include
- Cytostatic (anti-tumor drugs),
- Kryo laser,
- Electrostatic Destruction.
However, it is not always effective with relapses.
Other treatments for papillomas:
- For cutaneous and vulgar (simple) papillomas - surgical excision (cryodestruction, laser removal with immune correction).
- for plantar cryo-laser elimination and / or coagulation.
- Mosaic papilloma is the most difficult to treat. When they disappear, especially in children, signs of inflammation are noted.
- For flat shapes - cryotherapy with immune correction.
- Thread-conical coagulation.
- For local epithelial hyperplasia, cryotherapy with immunocorrective.
- in the case of warty dysplasia, cryotherapy or thermal coagulation with post-immunomodulatory correction.
- In genital warts - removal of warts with cryotherapy, laser excision or haemostasis and mandatory correction of the immune system.
Treatment for genital papillomas can be difficult in other genital infections (chlamydia, bacterial vaginosis, herpes, CMV infection, etc. ). In these cases, treatment is done in parallel.